Investigation in how inequality of promotions affects employee Literature review

Investigation in how inequality of promotions affects employee attitudes and their effect on the business Glass Ceiling effect - Literature review Example The glass ceiling does not only affect employees in terms of performance, but also affects the success of organizations and the government offices. One of the key reasons why discrimination affects the employees’ performance is the fact that it reduces job satisfaction amongst the women and minorities. This as a result affects their performance in the workplace. This paper will look at the previous studies that have contributed to the development of the literature review relating to glass ceiling effects. It will compare and contrast the work of different researchers that have contributed to the literature review. This paper as well will look at a couple of strands relating to the glass ceiling effect including the pay gap, job satisfaction and promotions, in terms of how they affect employees within an organization. Research questions 1. Is there a relationship between gender and job satisfaction within the workplace? 2. How does the pay gap affect the performance of both wom en and men in the workplace? 3. Does promotion discrimination affect the employees in terms of performance and commitment to the organization? Literature review Job satisfaction A study by Hulin & Smith identified a strong inverse relationship between gender differences within the workplace and job satisfaction amongst employees. ... There is a substantial difference in terms of job satisfaction amongst men and women within the manufacturing plants (Hulin & Smith, 2005). Differences in job satisfaction amongst female and male employees are because of gender-based discrimination. The performance of employees goes down when they feel discriminated, which adversely affect the organization’s performance. A study by Goh & Coh meant to identify the relationship between the personal characteristics and job satisfactions amongst Turkish workers, from a couple of organizations, found similar results as the above study. It found that gender is a key factor that determines job satisfaction amongst employees within the workplace. Another study by the two as well contributes to the glass ceiling effect’s literature. It examined the influence of gender differences amongst 608 Singaporean accountants. The study found that the male accountants were more satisfied than the female accountants (Goh & Coh, 2002). Pay g ap A study Stedham & Yamamura was, meant to examine the effect of the pay gap between female and male managers on job satisfaction, found a progressive relationship amid the two variables. It found that women are not satisfied with their pay, the promotion within organizations, as well as, their entire job satisfaction. On the other hand, men managers are satisfied with their pays. This contributes to the differences amongst male and female managers, in terms of performance within their organizations. Therefore, it is clear that one of the key motivating factors amongst employees and managers as far as performance is concerned is the pay. In other words, the more the wage, so is the performance of an employee (Stedham & Yamamura, 2003). Another study by Howard

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Interview - Essay Example To begin with, her school, being all female offered all kinds of sports activities. These included but were not limited to swimming, basketball, volleyball, badminton, tennis, track and field, and Karate. Needless to say, almost all of the students participated in the school sanctioned sports activities. However, while some of them did it just for want of an activity to do after classes, there were those who took the sports seriously. These were the women who were considered â€Å"jocks† on campus and who sometimes found their sexuality called into question due to their diligence and dedication to their training programs. During her era, most of the women would go to the nearby soda shops and restaurants for a snack with their friends in order to unwind after a long day of classes. This is where the rest of the plans for their day were usually created. More often than not, this get together would continue either at a classmates house or at a nearby shopping area where they would look at entertainment magazines or see a movie. During her era, my interviewees favorite activity was going to the movies. She had always been a fan of Hollywood films and seeing those films helped her learn about the country and culture of the country that, unknown to her at the time, she would one day call her home. The 70s was the era of consciousness for the people in her country. For women of her age, sexual encounters were done but not spoken about openly for fear of social repercussion. There was a double standard of morality existing at that time for women. While men could openly discuss having sex with various women, women who engaged in sex needed to do it secretly and always with just one partner or else she would be deemed a woman of tremendously loose morals if word ever got out. Since my interviewees favorite activity when she was younger was going to the movies, she has been able to continue that activity of hers to this very day. Although